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Chủ Nhật, 19 tháng 10, 2014 | 01:20

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Thứ Ba, 7 tháng 10, 2014 | 06:44

CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG TIẾNG ANH

INVERSION IN ENGLISH

Text Box: • Lí thuyết về Đảo ngữ
• Các câu đảo ngữ đã ra trong các đề thi ĐH, CĐ các năm

Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính.

1. Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + auxiliary + S + Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary + S+ Verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on.
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.

2. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,.....hiếm khi mà
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V(inf)

Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ phủ định này thường được dùng với động từ hoàn thành hay động từ khiếm khuyết và có thể chứa dạng so sánh hơn.

Seldom has she seen anything stranger.
Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.

3. Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Dạng này, động từ đi kèm thường là trợ động từ (Auxiliaries) hoặc động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal Verbs). Một số động từ khiếm khuyết phổ biến như: shall, will, can, would, could, may, might, should, must, ought.

Chỉ bằng cách này/ kia

Only one
Only one did I meet her
Only later
Only in this way:
Only in that way:

Only in this way could the problem be solved
Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V
Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì
Only after all gest had gone home could we relax
Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently
Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì
Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
Only when I understand her did I like her
Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì
Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car.
Only if + clause
Only in + adv of time/ place

4. Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: Không bao giờ
The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt

On no condition
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không

On no accout must this switch be touched.

On no account should you be late for the Exam.
Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money.
For no reason
In no way: Không sao có thể
In no way could I agree with you.
No longer: Không còn nữa
The money is not tobe paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumsstances is the money tobe paid
On no condition shall we accept their proposal
By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.

5. No sooner.......... than.....Vừa mới...thì đã...
Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely........ when/ before

Câu đảo ngữ chứa các trạng ngữ này thường dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ, thường dùng quá khứ hoàn thành.

Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang.

(= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.)

Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.

(= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.)

Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.

(= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.)

No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt.

(= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.)

No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.

(= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.)

6. Đảo ngữ với Not only....... but......also.....không những…….mà còn…..
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but.... also..........
Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well.

7. Đảo ngữ với nhóm từ SO, SUCH
So+ adj/ adv + (be) +N + that + clause

Such + (be) + N + that + clause

Dạng này khá đơn giản, chỉ cần đảo động từ to be ra trước chủ ngữ là xong.

So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep.
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare.
Such is the moment that all greats traverse.

(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).

· Such is the stuff of dreams.

(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).

Lưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such”
The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it.
=> Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it.
There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money.
=> Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money.

9. Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=Not until/ till 10 o'clock that I will come home
= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key

10. Đảo ngữ với Nowhere+ Au+ S+V
Nowhere in VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
Nowhere can you buy the goods as good as those in my country

11. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V

(Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
Should she come late she wil miss the train
Should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
(Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you........
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her........
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+V₃^ED
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me...........

BÀI TẬP LUYỆN THÊM

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1. She had never been so happy before.
--> Never had she been so happy before.
2. I have never heard such nonsense!
--> Never have I heard such nonsense!
3. I have never seen such a mess in my life.
--> Never have I seen such a mess in my life.
4. Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
--> Seldom has public borrowing been so high.
5. They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
--> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
6. They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
--> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
7. The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent.
--> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent.
8. I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed.
--> Hardly had I begun to apologise when the door closed.
9. The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property.
--> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property.
10. The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
--> No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony.
11. Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face.
--> Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment.
12. The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances.
--> Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals.
13. The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice.
--> Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice.

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi.

1. Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.
–> So great was her grief that she almost fainted.
2. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
–> No sooner had he returned from his walk than he got down to writing the letter.
3. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
–> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her.
4. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later.
–> Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed.
5. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs John.
–> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs John.
6. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
–> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
7. He forgot about the gun until he got home.
–> Not until he got home did he remember about the gun.
8. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard everyday.
–> Only by training hard everyday can you become a good athlete.

9. The minute she left, the meeting broke up.

–> No sooner

10. Immediately after solving one problem, I was faced with another.

–> Hardly

11. The colour of that jacket suits you, and it fits you perfectly.

–> Not only

12. The minute he sets eyes on her, he fell in love.

–> No sooner

13. You must remember to pay that bill, whatever you do.

–> On no account

14. He did not start to feel ill until after the meal.

–> Only when

15. People are not free from the influence of TV anywhere in the world nowadays.

–> Nowhere

16. There has not been an invention which so radically affected society since the printing press.

–> Not since

17. You rarely find a family without a television set nowadays.

–> Rarely

18. Busy parents can seldom resist the temptation to use the TV as a childminder.

–> Seldom

19. Some claim that TV discourages conversaton and also encourages anti-social behaviour.

–> Not only

20. Researchers have not found a single case of violence that could be directly linked to a TV programme.

–> Not a

21. If the regulation had been imposed earlier, they might have been more effective.

–> Had

22. I would think carefully before dismissing him, if I were in your place.

–> Were

Exercise 1 - Fill the gaps using the words in the box.

has · before · than · audience · then · was
started · will · can · did · so many · had

1.	Hardly ever an athlete won so many medals in such a short time.
2.	Little we realise what a social faux-pas we had committed.
3.	Scarcely the match started when the trouble began.
4.	Only by standing on tip-toe I able to see anything at all.
5.	Seldom can an have heard a better interpretation of this symphony.
6.	Hardly had the controversial opera when people began to walk out.
7.	Only if we leave now we be in time to catch the train.
8.	Never have I seen people turn out for this event.
9.	Rarely a remark have been more ill-judged.
10.	Only did it become clear what the extent of the damage was.
11.	Barely had we had time to pack up the picnic things the heavens opened
12.	No sooner had we asked for a quieter room room, we were given one.

Exercise 2 - Fill the gaps using the words in the box.

else · way · did · circumstances · nothing · such
nor · until · would · account · only · even

1.	At no time he seem to realise what an idiot he was making of himself.
2.	At no time before have I heard arrant nonsense.
3.	Nowhere do they charge you so much for water
4.	On no should you miss this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.
5.	Under no must this door be left unlocked.
6.	Not she apologises for what she said will I speak to her again.
7.	Not if they halved the price would I buy such a heap of old rubbish.
8.	Not for all the money in the world I do what you're suggesting.
9.	Not do I know you're wrong, but I can also prove you're wrong.
10.	Neither was the food up to standard was the service particularly good.
11.	Everyone except me got soaked. Not for do I always carry an umbrella.
12.	No am I going to jump into that icy cold water!

Exercise 3 - Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets .

1. You shouldn't tell him about my trip to

China

. (On no ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

2. You are not going to get me to eat that! (No way ... !)

………………………………………………………………………………

3. I have seldom seen such a brilliant goal. (Seldom ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

4. Such a hurricane has rarely happened in Hereford. (Hardly ever ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

5. I wouldn't want to hurt your feelings for all the world. (Not ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

6. They were never aware of the danger that threatened them. (At no time ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

7. This must not leak out to the press. (Under ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

8. He wasn't rich and he wasn't handsome. (Neither ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

9. We haven't often witnessed such artistry. (Rarely ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

10. The bridge collapsed as soon as we managed to get across. (No sooner ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

11. We were only able to cross the border by offering him a bribe. (Only ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

12. Immediately he opened his mouth he started complaining about everything. (Barely ... before ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 4 - Make inverted sentences from the sentences given, using the words in brackets

1. She has no idea what a surprise she's going to get. (Little ... know)

………………………………………………………………………………

2. The bell had barely started to ring when the children rushed out of the classroom. (Scarcely)

………………………………………………………………………………

3. He didn't start his speech until there was absolute silence in the hall (Not ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

4. We will only be able to accept your offer if we are offered free delivery. (Only ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

5. It is with good reason that Edinburgh is known as the Athens of the North. (Not for ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

6. We have never been so well wined and dined in our lives. (Never ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

7. She didn't break the news of her engagement until after dinner. (Only ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

8. We weren't told that we would need our passports. (At no time ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

9. They don't charge you as much for water anywhere else. (Nowhere else ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

10. I wouldn't fly with them again even if they offered me a free flight. (Not even ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

11. We had barely entered the shop when an assistant jumped on us. (Hardly ... when ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

12. He is both charming and very rich. (Not only ..., but ... also ...)

………………………………………………………………………………

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Chủ Nhật, 28 tháng 9, 2014 | 02:32

TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC UNIT 1 – FRIENDSHIP

I. INFINITIVE WITH “TO”: Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”

1. Verb + to V1:

Dưới đây là một số động từ thường đòi hỏi động từ theo sau phải ở dạng nguyên mẫu có “to”:

Afford: có đủ tiền

Agree: đồng ý

Appear: có vẻ, dường như

Arrange: sắp xếp

Ask : hỏi, yêu cầu

Attempt: cố gắng

Care: quan tâm, chú ý đến

Claim: quả quyết, khẳng định

Consent: đồng ý, ưng thuận

Decide: quyết định

Demand: đòi hỏi, yêu cầu

Deserve: xứng đáng

Determine: quyết tâm

Expect: mong đợi

Fail: thất bại

Hesitate: do dự

Hope: hy vọng

Learn: học

EX: I can’t afford to have a holiday.

Manage: Xoay xở

Mean: có ý định

Need : cần

Offer: đưa ra đề nghị

Plan: dự định

Prepare: chuẩn bị

Pretend: giả vờ

Promise: hứa

Refuse: từ chối

Seem: có vẻ

Struggle: đấu tranh

Swear: thề

Threaten: đe dọa

Volunteer:tình nguyện

Wait: chờ đợi

Want: muốn

Wish: mong ước

Would like: muốn

EX: They plan to go to Ha Noi

2. Verb + O + to + V1

Dưới đây là một số động từ theo sau là tân ngữ và động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”:

Advise: khuyên

Ask: yêu cầu

Challenge: thách thức

Dare: thách

Expect: mong, hy vọng

Force: bắt buộc

Invite: mời

Order: ra lệnh

Permit: cho phép

Remind: nhắc nhở

Teach: dạy dỗ

Urge: thúc giục

Would like: muốn

EX: He advised us to wear large hats.

Allow: cho phép

Beg: van nài

Convince: thuyết phục

Encourage: khuyến khích

Forbid: cấm

Hire: thuê

Need: cần

Request: yêu cầu

Persuade: thuyết phục

Require: yêu cầu

Tell: bảo

Want: muốn

EX: The judge ordered him to pay a fine

3. Cấu trúc câu: It + be + Adj (for someone) + to + V1

EX: It is important for you to improve your English.

4. Cấu trúc câu: too + Adj + to + V1 : quá……. không thể

EX: I am too short to reach the shelf.

The question was too difficult for the boy to answer.

5. Adj/ Adv + enough (for someone) + to + V1

EX : My brother is not old enough to go to school.

6. Wh + to + V1: Sử dụng V1 sau Wh

EX: I haven’t decided where to go for the next holiday.

7. The first/ second/ last/ only + Noun + to + V1

Đây là hình thức rút gọn của mệnh đề tính từ, sử dụng to V1

EX: James was the last person to leave the office.

8. It takes (took) + O + to + V1

EX: It took me a couple of days to repair this machine.

II. INFINITIVE WITHOUT “TO”

Động từ nguyên mẫu không “ to “ thường được dùng trong các trường hợp sau đây:

1. Modal verbs + V1

EX: Peter can speak English very well.

2. Sau cấu trúc : Let’s + V1

EX: Let’s eat out tonight.

3. Sau Make/ Let/ Have/ Help* + O + V1

EX: My parents made me practise the piano 2 hours a day.

***Chú ý: 1. Sau động từ help ta có thể dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không hoặc có “to”

EX: Jack often help me (to) do my homework.

2. Khi động từ make được dùng trong câu bị động, nó phải được theo sau là to + V1

EX : The cashier was made to hand over the money by the robber.

4. Sau các động từ chỉ tri giác: see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel, observe, perceive, smell, + O + V1 : chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra.

Ex: I saw her get off the bus.

Sau các động từ chỉ tri giác: see, hear, watch, notice, find, feel, observe, perceive, smell + O + Ving : chỉ sự việc đang diễn ra -Nhìn thoáng qua.

I. Which of the following words have the underlined letter pronounced /dʒ / and /tʃ/ ? Put them into the right groups.

change page lodge nature lecture challenge

future chilli branch message joke bridge

genius champion which July cheese age

jam French biology actual imagine joyful

II. Choose the best answers:

1. We are friends, but we don’t know much about their private ………………….

A. opinions B. feelings C. affairs D. tasks

2. I didn’t tell Andy about this because he is just a(n) ……………….

A. acquaintance B. colleague C. fellow D. classmate

3. To their close friend Cathy, …………. suspicion was the major cause of their divorce.

A. silent B. constant C. private D. mutual

4. Interestingly, she and I have a lot of things in………… and we have been close friends since then.

A. general B. common C. turn D. mutual

5. Besides ………….. and mutual trust, unselfishness is also important to have a lifelong friendship.

A. principal B. suspicion C. secret D. sympathy

6. In my opinion, no ………. should exist between two friends.

A. suspicions B. rumors C. loyalty D. enthusiasm

7. I’m planning ……. money because going abroad is too expensive for me……..

A. to save/ to afford B. to save/ affording

C. saving/ to afford D. saving/ affording

8. The lifeguard warned the holiday-makers……… too far from the shore.

A. not swimming B. didn’t swim C. not swim D. not to swim

9. My sister enjoys ……. on the beach. She’s decided …… a holiday in Ha Noi next summer.

A. to lie/ to spend B. lying/ to spend

C. to lie/ spending D. lying/ spending

10. We were really surprised …….. the news of their divorce.

A. to hear B. heard C. hearing D. to have heard

11. “My parents don’t let me ….. to parties very often.”

“Perhaps they think you ought …… more time studying.”

A. go/ to spend B. to go/ to spend

C. going/ spending D. going/ spend

12. The doctor advised Joe ……. but he found it impossible …….

A. stopped to smoke/ doing B. to stop smoking/ to do

C. stopping to smoke/ to do D. stop smoking/ doing

13. The water was too polluted for the explorers ……..

A. drinking B. have drunk C. drank D. to drink

14. Suddenly we saw someone …….in and ….. down right at the gate.

A. rush/ fall B. rushing/ fall C. rushing/ falling D. rush/ falling

15. William and Geoff made Cathy ……/…….. them next birthday party.

A. promised/ to join B. promise/ joining

C. promise/ to join D. promised/ joining

16. John advised me …… the facts before I made a decision ….. the job.

A. consider/ accepting B. to consider/ to accept

C. to consider/ accept D. considering/ accept

17. The children seemed …… too excited ……… silent.

A. being/ keeping B. being/ to keep C. to be/ keep D. to be/ to keep

18. I need you…… me ….. an outfit for Judy’s party.

A. to help/ choose B. help/ to choose C. help/ choose D. helping/ to choose

19. I’d rather ….. by plane than…….. a week travelling by train.

A. to go/ spending B. going/ to spend C. go/ spend D. went/ spent

20. Some parents think there are so many exercises for their children ……. at home, so they often help them ….. their homework.

A. do/ to finish B. to do/ finish C. doing/ finish D. doing/ finishing

21. Some people tend to view foreigners with………..

A. suspect B. suspicion C. suspicious D. suspiciously

22. The weather is very ……, so you should take an umbrella with you.

A. incapable B. mutual C. changeable D. unbelievable

23. A(n)…….. is a person that you know but who is not a close friend.

A. intimate B. true friend C. friendship D. acquaintance

24. They knew each other at primary school, and their friendship …… a lifetime.

A. took B. lasted C. spent D. continued

25. The wine had made him ……. of thinking clearly.

A. unable B. impossible C. incapable D. inaccurate

26. A(n)……. person is unlikely to keep a secret long.

A. talkative B. quality C. intimate D. selfish

27. Everyone needs a close friend to …… their joys and sorrows.

A. share B. present C. communicate D. feel

28. She had always been ….. to her husband.

A. sympathetic B. understanding C. enthusiastic D. loyal

29. There is a(n)…….. going around that the prime minister is going to resign.

A. information B. rumour C. news D. uncertainty

30. Our relationship is based on ……. respect.

A. mutual B. common C. uncertain D. selfish

31. I’m going to tell you something, but you must promise to ….. it secret.

A. take B. keep C. make D. have

32. We must do it……. or it will be too late.

A. slowly B. finally C. immediately D. lately

33. If the weather is…… , it can be sunny now and then suddenly it rains heavily.

A. lifelong B. influenced C. common D. changeable

34. A….. person is someone who only thinks about himself or herself and does not care about other people’s feelings.

A. secret B. selfish C. constant D. loyal

35. Make sure there is no …… between you and me.

A. quality B. constancy C. suspicion D. pursuit

36. “Thank you so much for your help, Steve.” – “…………”

A. That’s right B. I’m OK C. My pleasure D. Forget me not

37. “Shall I carry that bag for you?” – “………..”

A. Sorry. I’m late! B. There’s no need. Thanks C. I never mind D. You’re welcome

38. Peter is an old friend of mine. We ….. each other….. ages.

A. know/ for B. have known/ since

C. are knowing/ for D. have known/ for

39. This guidebook tells you how….. business in this country without….. the law.

A. to do/ violate B. to do/ violating C. doing/ to violate D. doing/ violating

40. I often wonder why she asked that question; it was a very embarrassing question……..

A. for ask B. to asking C. for to ask D. to ask

41. I ….. believe in his story, even though it may seem strange to many people.

A. do B. am C. very D. have

42. A true friend is not easily……. by rumour against his/ her own friends.

A. influence B. influencing C. influenced D. to influence

43. She seemed undecided whether …… or stay.

A. go B. to go C. going D. would go

44. I knew that she ………. for someone.

A. is waiting B. was waited C. has been waiting D. was waiting

45. There are people who can not keep a secret, either of their own ….. of others’.

A. and B. or C. nor D. not

III. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that needs correction:

1. All of his friends remained (A)loyal with(B) him even (C)if he was in (D)trouble.

2. There was not much (A) work for (B) me doing (C) so I left early (D).

3. I rang the office several times (A)but I didn’t (B) hear anyone to answer (C) my call(D).

4. Some people seem to be (A) incapable for (B) true (C) friendship (D).

5. My mother doesn’t allow anyone to smoke (A) in the house because (B) she knows smoking (C) can causes (D) a lot of serious illnesses.

6. My suspicious (A)was confirmed (B)when the police raided (C) the property (D).

7. I am delighted (A) hearing (B) that you have made (C) much progress in (D) your study recently.

8. Are we permitted to bring (A) some guests for (B) the ceremony?. I’d like to inviting (C) my close friend to join (D) us.

9. She saw a man to jump (A) through the window five minutes ago (B), but (C) she couldn’t remember (D) his face.

10. Simon finds (A) it hard (B) for making (C) friends with (D) other children.

IV. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one: (For gifted students)

1. There is a lot of homework. I have to finish it today.

There is a lot of homework for………………………………………………..

2. The man was running out of the bank. Some people saw him then.

Some people saw the man……………………………………………………..

3. The robber forced the cashier to hand in the money.

The robber made ………………………………………………………………

4. He worked out the answer. It was clever of him.

It was……………………………………………………………………………

5. Marie always pays her bills regularly. She’s careful that way.

Marie is always …………………………………………………………………

Marie is always careful to pay her bills regularly.

6. He was crossing the road. I caught sight of him.

I noticed………………………………………………………………………….

I noticed him crossing the road.

7. Jimmy got into his car and drove away. I saw this.

I saw……………………………………………………………………………..

I saw Jimmy get into his car and drive away.

8. It is disappointing that we haven’t heard from Molly.

We are…………………………………………………………………………..

We are disappointed not to hear from Molly.

9. Contacting her at work is usually quite easy.

She is……………………………………………………………………………

She is usually quite easy to contact at work.

10. The house shook violently and all of us felt that.

All of us felt…………………………………………………………………….

All of us felt the house shaking violently.

11. Harry couldn’t get his parents’ permission to buy a motorbike.

Harry’s parents didn’t let……………………………………………………….

Harry’s parents didn’t let Harry(him) buy a motorbike.

12. We can’t possibly work in this noise.

It’s ………………………………………………………………………………

It’s impossible for us to work in this noise.

13. Joe’s sister didn’t let him use her car.

Joe was not allowed……………………………………………………………..

Joe was not allowed to use his sister’s car.

14. “Would you like something to eat?”

She offered to give……………………………………………………………….

She offered to give me something to eat.

15. Mike took his car to the garage to repair.

Mike had the garage ……………………………………………………………..

Mike had the garage repair his car.

16. This coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it.

This coffee is too …………………………………………………………………

This coffee is too hot for me to drink.

17. My parents force me to do my homework every night.

My parents make …………………………………………………………………

My parents make me do my homework every night.

18. There’s not much you can do in the countryside.

There’s nothing much …………………………………………………………….

There’s nothing much to do in the countryside.

19. Ann has to do some housework before going out.

Ann has some ……………………………………………………………………..

Ann has some housework to do before going out.

20. Jill offered to help us without hesitation.

Jill was willing ……………………………………………………………………

Jill was willing to help us.

V . Supply the correct form of the words in the parentheses:

1. It’s not a good idea …………... (drive) into the city in rush hour. (to drive)

2. Please let me …………..( try) this work again. (try)

3. Remember ………….…….(go) home after work, John. (to go)

4. I think what we have to do right now is……………. (clean) up the floor. (to clean)

5. I was too embarrassed …………….(say) anything to her then. (to say)

6. The newcomer is a very interesting person ………….(talk ) to. (to talk)

7. Your advice helped …………(improve) our relationship a lot. ((to) improve)

8. A passer- by saw the thief …………….. (escape) in a taxi. (escape)

9. They expected ………….(finish) the work before the winter. (to finish)

10 . I didn’t have enough time……………… (finish) my work yesterday. (to finish)

11. She made her son …….. wash the windows before he could go outside ……. play football.

Wash to play

12. She lets her children …….... ..(stay ) up very late. (stay)

13. We both heard him …….……(say ) that he was leaving. (say)

14. It’s important …….……..(start ) the meeting on time. (to start)

15. We manage ……..….(buy ) the car that we wanted.

16. I think you should ….…… (give) her some flowers.

17. Bill’s parents won’t let him……. (go) to the party.

18. We must ………… (reply ) to the invitation at once.

19. They would really like ………. (visit) the art gallery on Friday. (to visit)

20. Those boys might……. …(join) the football club this season.

21. Did the teacher make you ……….. (finish) your homework.

22. The actress was hoping …………. (get) a part in the new play.

23. She finally decided…………….(quit) the job.

24. I can’t afford ………………. (have) a holiday abroad. (to have)

25. Where did you learn ……………..(drive)?.

26. She made the children …………..(wash) their hands before every meal.

27. The children were made…………….(wash) their hands before every meal.

28. I don’t know why Jane refused……………(get) the job.

29. Do you intend ……………(send) her your invitation?

VI. Use the words and expressions below to make complete and meaningful sentences. Changes and addition are required, but no omission is allowed.

1. He / let/ son/ play/ computer games/ weekend.

He lets his son play computer games at the weekend.

2. We / delighted/ know/ you / pass / exam.

We are delighted to know that you have passed the exam.

3. Peter / be / last / person / leave / burn / building / that time.

Peter was the last person to leave the burning building at that time.

4. The boy / hear / sisters/ argue / next room.

The boy heard his sisters argue in the next room

5. There / be / a lot of / homework / do / next week.

There will be a lot of homework to do next week.

VII. Rearrange the following words to make meaningful sentences.

1. suitcase / police / his / made / The / the / open / man / officer.